Modern approach to the breeding of early-maturing potato varieties

Abstract

The results of research on variety samples in potato breeding nurseries are presented. The number of transplanted seedlings was higher with the traditional sowing of seeds in high-moor peat. The factor «hybrid population» influences earliness, while the interaction of the factors «hybrid population ´ soil type» affects the number of tubers, and the factor «soil type» determines productivity. The largest number of early and mid-early forms in breeding nurseries was selected from the crossing types «early ´ early» and «mid-early ´ mid-early». To select high-yielding early-maturing potato hybrids, samples in the first tuber generation nursery should have a productivity of 1.00 to 1.55 kg per plant. When creating early and ultra-early potato varieties, attention should be paid to the rapid growth of the aerial part of the plant up to the 35th day after sprouting. Preference should be given to samples that stop the growth of their foliage mass between the 45th and 55th days after sprouting.