The results of a comparative evaluation of methods for introducing potato plants into sterile culture, as well as the results of studies on the use of the immunostimulating preparation Laferon, whose active ingredient is interferon alpha-2b, in obtaining healthy initial potato plant lines in vitro are presented. It was established that the probability of obtaining healthy plants when using the explant excision method is higher than when introducing material into sterile culture via the meristem. The use of Laferon (active ingredient: interferon alpha-2b) at the stage of introduction into in vitro culture may exert an inhibitory effect on potato S and M viruses.

The results of studying the inheritance of traits such as earliness, starch content, and productivity are presented. In breeding for earliness, the varieties Pershatsvet, Yuliya, and Kristel are recommended as parental forms, for obtaining hybrids with low starch content, Yuliya, Baltic Rose, and Kristel are recommended, and for breeding aimed at increasing productivity, Vineta and Yuliya are recommended. 

The results of studying high-starch potato hybrids by productivity are presented. The maximum number of hybrids with a high starch content, increased and high productivity (more than 1 000 g/bush) was obtained using sample 72-16-12 as the mother form, as well as hybrid 01501-6. Among the paternal forms, the varieties of Zarevo and Lazar, as well as the hybrid 109-09-1л2, stood out. 58 hybrids are recommended as initial forms for the breeding of high-starch potato varieties.

A comparative assessment of new potato varieties bred by RUE «The Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing» based on biochemical parameters are presented. Differences in dry matter, protein, vitamin C, reducing sugars, and nitrate content were identified.

The results of evaluating new potato varieties Nesterka and Feniks of the mid-early maturity group, of the selection of the RUE «The Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing» are presented based on morphological characteristics and technological indicators: surface character, shape index, number and depth of buds, amount of waste during mechanical cleaning and manual final cleaning of tubers, resistance to darkening of the pulp. 

The results of many years of breeding work with winter garlic are presented. Following a comprehensive study of extensive source material for key economically valuable traits – cold resistance, resistance to fusarium wilt, yield and bulb quality, shelf life during winter storage, and biochemical parameters – the Pyasnyar winter garlic variety, a universal-use variety suitable for cultivation in home gardens and commercial vegetable farms in the republic, has been developed and submitted for state variety testing.

The results of studies on the development of initial potato forms using genetic sources of resistance to the viruses PVS and PVM are presented. The research was carried out using methods of artificial infection and assessment of infection by the ELISA method, as well as DNA markers for the resistance genes Ns, Rm, and Gm. As a result of the work, a number of sources of resistance to the studied pathogens were obtained, along with two samples that can be used as initial forms for the development of virus-resistant potato varieties.

The results of study on the evaluation of the collection material (F₁ hybrids) of pairs of parthenocarpic cucumber according to a number of morphobiological and economically valuable traits are presented. 

The results of the ecological assessment of new mid ripening potato varieties based on a set of economically valuable traits in the western region of the Republic of Belarus are presented.
Veles (1.34), Optimum (1.08) and Viliya (1.06) were characterized by high adaptive potential, with yields of 64.1; 51.7 and 50.7 t/ha, respectively. According to starch accumulation, the varieties Venera (14.6 %) and Veles (14.0 %) were noted. According to the complex of studied indicators (yield, marketability, resistance to pathogens), the Optimum variety stood out with a yield of 51.7 t/ha, marketability of 97.8 % and very high resistance to common scab and rhizoctonia.

The results of studies on the effectiveness of using micronutrient fertilizers for treating the root system of potato plants in vivo before planting in peat under protected ground conditions, as well as on the influence of application methods on plant survival rate and yield are presented.

The results of a study examining the impact of agronomic practices (planting density and fertilizer application system) in growing the new potato variety Vodar on biometric (plant height, stem count) and biochemical parameters (dry matter, starch, total protein, vitamin C, nitrates), yield, and yield structure, are presented. The optimal planting density and fertilizer application system for maximizing commercial potato yield are determined. 

One of the key issues in seed production is obtaining high-quality seed material and increasing the multiplication factor. In the Republic of Belarus, the introduction of essential oil and medicinal plants in the context of climate change is currently relevant. The purpose of the work was to identify optimal sowing methods and seeding rates for nigella species when cultivating for seed purposes. As a result of the research, it was established that the optimal method is a wide-row sowing method (0.45 m) in the nursery for testing the progeny of the 1st and 2nd generations with a seeding rate of 0.4–1.1 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Sowing seeds in the usual row (0.15 m) and wide-row (0.30 and 0.70 m) method, with a seeding rate of 3.3; 1.6; 0.7 million pcs. of viable seeds per hectare, respectively, can be used in a propagation nursery, as well as for obtaining super-elite, elite and reproduction seeds. 

As a result of the conducted research in 2018–2023, it was revealed that the
contamination of the soil with eggs and larvae of the golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis (Woll., 1923) Behrens), from 770 to 30 000 pieces per 100 cm³, has a significant effect on the germination, stem-forming ability of potato plants, as well as its productivity. Thus, with an increase in the invasive load of Globodera in the soil, plant germination decreases by 13.2 %, the number of productive stems – by 1.6 pcs./plant, and
the yield – by 243.2 c/ha. It was found that the population density of Globodera does not have a significant effect on the height of potato plants, which fluctuates from 40.3 to 42.8 cm. The conducted correlation analysis allowed us to establish that there is an inverse correlation between the level of soil infestation with eggs and larvae of G. rostochiensis and the parameters of growth and development of potato plants (r = –0.77 and –0.82). 

The results of a study on the effect of storage conditions of spring garlic planting material on the phenological phases of development, biometric indicators and yield in the conditions of Belarus are presented.
It has been established that the growth, development, and productivity of spring garlic plants are significantly dependent on the bulb storage temperature and the weight of the planting cloves. Storing spring garlic in alternating warm and cold temperatures, regardless of variety, increases yield by 48.6–76.7 %, depending on clove size.
Using cold stored small fraction cloves as planting material is impractical, as it leads to a significant reduction in the yield and marketability of the bulbs.

The results of studies on viral and bacterial diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Republic of Belarus and the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for their detection are presented. Potato is an important agricultural crop, however, its yield is significantly reduced by viral infections, particularly PVY, PVS, and PVM, as well as bacterial diseases [Pectobacterium carotovorum var. atrosepticum (van Hall)] Patro and [Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi] Rs. A total of 13 800 potato samples were analyzed, of which 58.2 % were found to be infected with viruses. The most frequently detected were M and S viruses (42.8 and 29.7 %, respectively), with 27.2 % of samples containing mixed infections of two or more viruses. No bacterial infections were detected. The results confirm the high effectiveness of ELISA for monitoring phytopathogens, obtaining clean seed material, and breeding resistant varieties. 

The results of an assessment of the effects of sod-podzolic soil tillage methods and growing conditions on the yield and yield structure of potato in the studied varieties are presented. The contribution of the investigated factors to the studied indicators – namely, the number of productive stems, yield, and yield structure – has been determined. 

The results of a study to determine the duration of the physiological dormancy period of potato tubers of the Pershatsvet, Nara, and Rubin varieties are presented, depending on their size: large (> 60 mm), medium (30–60 mm), and small (< 30 mm). It was found that the duration of this period is 45.91 % dependent on the varietal characteristics and depended on tuber size and the year of study.
Pershatsvet potato tubers are characterized by the longest physiological dormancy period, which depends on weather conditions and was longer during the 2019–2020 storage season. 

The results of research on the infection of potato plants with bacterial diseases are presented. The lesion of the aboveground stem prevailed in the examined varieties, observed in 31.3–85.0 % of the assortment. The root system was affected in 25.0–62.5 % of the varieties, a complex manifestation was noted in 18.8–32.1 % of the varietal composition. During the years of research, it was found that the average incidence of potato plants with bacteriosis manifested on the root system reached 13.7 %, on the  aboveground stem – 20.0 %. In the structure of the affected varieties of foreign origin, signs of bacterial rot on the root system were noted in 8.3–45.5 % of the varieties, on the aboveground stem – 36.4–83.4 %, complex – in 8.3–27.8 %. In domestic varieties, the incidence of bacterial diseases on the root system was 26.7–71.4 %, on the aboveground stem – 14.3–46.7 %,  complex manifestation – 14.3–26.7 %.

The results of studies on the biological effectiveness of the insecticide Proteus, OD when applied by an unmanned aerial vehicle in the fight against Colorado potato beetle on potatoes are presented. It has been established that the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for applying the insecticide Proteus, OD (0.50–0.75 l/ha) provides a biological effectiveness of 69.5–98.0 %, depending on the settings of the agrodrone and the recording period. Setting the agrodrone to a working solution flow rate of 15 l/ha and a droplet size of 150 mm makes it possible to perform treatments with the lowest registered insecticide rate without a significant decrease in effectiveness.

The results of a study on phytoplasma diseases in potato plantings in the Mogilev, Bobruisk, Kirovsk, Shklov, Gorki, and Byhov districts of the Mogilev Region are presented.
The conducted studies revealed the prevalence of phytoplasmas in potato crops of the Mogilev Region.