Research has been carried out to identify markers for resistance genes to potato cancer, golden and pale potato nematodes, as well as markers to identify loci responsible for the synthesis and accumulation of starch. Samples with a complex of markers associated with the studied characteristics were identified.

New varieties of potatoes Venera, Viliya, Lekar of the mid-ripening group of the selection of the RUE «Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing» were studied by biochemical parameters: the content of dry matter, total protein, vitamin C, reducing sugars, nitrates. The Venera potato variety surpasses the control variety of Scarb in the amount of dry matter, total protein, vitamin C, accumulating less reducing sugars and nitrates. In terms of nutrient content, the Viliya potato variety is at the level of the control variety. In terms of the content of dry substances, total protein and vitamin C, the Lekar variety is significantly superior to the Scarb variety. It accumulates fewer reducing sugars and nitrates.

The results of research obtained in 2021–2022 in laboratory and field conditions when changing the initial invasive load for evaluation of the resistance of potato varieties to the golden potato nematode are presented. It was established that more than 5 goldenyellow nematode cysts were noted on the root system of potato varieties Voltman, Lasunak, Briz and Yuliya on the studied invasive backgrounds of 15, 20 and 25 of G. rostochiensis cysts, which corresponds to their characteristics as susceptible to Globodera. When changing the initial load of the golden potato nematode, the Globodera resistance of the domestic potato varieties Scarb, Vodar and Nara was confirmed. Thus, the data obtained indicate the reliability of the results when optimizing the initial infectious load for assessing potato varieties for nematode resistance.

The results of assessing winter garlic samples for resistance to Fusarium are presented. All studied samples were affected by Fusarium. It has been established that the degree of plant damage and the prevalence of the disease differs significantly depending on the sample. Under unfavorable conditions for plants, the spread of Fusarium increased. Тhe highest resistance to Fusarium is shown by clones K-4/21, K-2/21, UR-18, as well as varieties Sarmat and Svetlogorskiy.

Research on the selection of spring garlic was carried out in the direction of creating highly productive varieties with a high content of bioactive substances, good keeping quality and a small number of relatively large cloves in the bulb. According to results of the preliminary variety testing, five samples with selection numbers K17, 5/17, 17/1, 6/8, 8/17 were identified.
As a result of competitive variety testing on the complex of economically valuable traits, the best clone 5/17 has been selected and transferred to the State Variety Testing under the name of Lagodny.

The results of a study of the combining ability of parental potato forms in terms of starch content using the method of irregular crossings are presented. An assessment of hybrid populations based on starch content is given. The parental forms with a high value of general combining ability are identified, and recommendations are given for their use in practical breeding.

Tomato lines with plum-shaped fruits have been created for open ground and for greenhouses. A genetic analysis of quantitative features in the created tomato lines was carried out. Genetic sources have been identified by a number of signs: maturing rate, large fruits, total yield. Lines with high combining ability have been created, giving a great heterosis effect, as well as lines and F₁ hybrids with resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. 

The results of a study of the influence of agricultural practices of daikon cultivation on the safety of mother root crops during long-term storage and the sowing quality of seeds are presented.
The safety of mother daikon roots of the studied samples in the variants with foliar feeding was higher by 3.7–11.8 %. Foliage spraying of daikon mother roots increases seed productivity by 1.0–15.9 %, seed germination ability by  0.5–2.4 %. 

The results of a comparative study of the effect of seed encrustation with film-forming components (Gisinar M, PVA, VRP-3 and NaCMC) in combination with treatment with the Nanoplant-8 microelements complex on the yield of garden carrots are presented.
The greatest increase in the total yield of garden carrots, 13.6 % (4.5 t/ha), was obtained when using the preparation VRP-3 + Nanoplant 5.0 as a film-forming component. A positive trend in yield growth by 11.8–13.6 %, as well as marketability, was noted in variants with a higher concentration of the Nanoplant microelements complex. 

The results of a study of the effect of seed encrustation with film-forming components (Gisinar M, PVA, VRP-3 and NaCMC) in combination with treatment with the Nanoplant microelements complex on the productivity of red beets are presented.
The maximum increase in the total yield of red beets of 5.7 t/ha (14.9 %) was obtained when using the preparation NaCMC + Nanoplant 5.0 as a film-forming component. In general, in variants with a higher Nanoplant concentration, a positive trend in yield growth by 12.5–14.9 % was noted, as well as an increase in marketability. 

The results of a comparative study of 8 variants of the spectral composition of LED lighting on the formation of the leaf apparatus of microgreen garden peas are presented. Differences in biometric indicators to the effect of the studied factor have been established. In the experiments performed, all the spectral compositions tested had a stimulating effect on the growth and development of the pea leaf, compared with the control variant. At the same time, the greatest influence of the spectrum on the growth and development of the leaf apparatus was observed with a ratio of red and blue light as 3 : 1.

The results of testing potato clones for the presence of PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM, PLRV, PVA, PSTVd, black potato leg (Patro), brown bacterial rot (Rs), bacterial ring rot are presented. Diagnostics were carried out by ELISA and PCR  methods. Clones free of phytoinfection were isolated.

The results of a study of the effect of artificial lighting on the formation of a pigments fund of plastids of tomato plants (Fanto variety) in a production experiment with a 4-variant scheme – natural lighting (control), using a DNAT sodium lamp with a power of 600 W, as well as LEDs of the brands Arlight and Eviyar with a power of 112 and 127 W, respectively. The positive effect of all light sources on the saturation of the pigment fund of plastids has been established with varying degrees of manifestation of the effects in the assimilating and generative organs of plants.
It has been shown that despite the higher saturation of the pigment fund of the assimilating organs against the background of LED lighting, the most pronounced increase in the accumulation of pigments in tomato fruits compared to the control was found when using a DNAT sodium lamp, which indicates a slight slowdown in the process of their maturation when using LEDs.

The results of a study on artificial infection of 1st year seedlings with PVS and PVM viruses in hybrid populations of potatoes obtained from crossing isolated parental forms with the presence of resistance genes – Ns, Rm and Gm – in their genotype based on DNA marking are presented. As a result of the research, susceptible seedlings were culled and hybrid populations with a high percentage of potato samples relatively resistant to PVS and PVM were isolated. For further study and selection development in field nurseries, 1012 hybrid descendants were selected that were relatively resistant to the pathogens under study.

The results of the assessment of 24 gherkin-parthenocarpic close breeding cucumber lines based on morphological, economic and biological characteristics and disease resistance are presented.
The created close breeding lines combine a number of signs in relation to sex, total yield of greens, maturing rate, parthenocarpy, resistance to peronosporosis and powdery mildew, absence of cucurbitacin in vegetative and  reproductive organs of plants. 

The results of a study on interspecific hybrids of potato of foreign selection by economically valuable traits are presented. As a result of the research, the sources of
productivity, suitability for processing into potato products after 5 months of storage, without reconditioning, sources of resistance to late blight, blackleg and viral diseases were identified. 

 The results of studies of the effect of doses of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer grade 7-20-30 when applied locally on the biometric indicators of plants (number of stems and height of bushes), yield and its structure, as well as biochemical indicators of tubers (dry matter, starch, total protein, vitamin C, nitrates). When growing potatoes on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, the maximum yield was noted in the BACKGROUND variant (40 t/ha of organic fertilizers) + N₃₅₊₆₅P₁₀₀K₁₅₀, which exceeded the control variant
(without fertilizers) by 21.9 t/ha (74.5 %), 15.8 (64.0), 12.3 t/ha (43.6 %) for the varieties Pershatsvet, Scarb and Rubin, respectively. 

Justified the expediency of using green manure alongside with local application of decontaminated compost when growing tomato in open ground. Cultivation of green manure cultures (oat, oil radish, pea) results in yield increase by 10.3–10.7 t/ha. Optimal doses of thermoammonia-decontaminated compost are determined to be: 300 g/plant using oat manure, 450 using oil radish manure, and 150 g/plant using pea manure; yield increases are 3.7; 3.2; 6.5 t/ha respectively. 

The results of a study of the prevalence, degree of development and harmfulness of Fusarium on winter garlic crops in the conditions of Belarus are presented. It has been established that during the period of full ripening of winter garlic, the causative agent of Fusarium rot is symptomatically manifested in all  regions. The number of plants with symptoms of the disease in farms differes significantly, which primarily depends on the initial presence of infection in the planting material and the climatic conditions of the  region.
On the territory of the Republic of Belarus, six species of the genus Fusarium, which cause garlic rot, have been isolated and identified as pathogens of the disease, three of which are found in all regions of the republic, one species in four, one in three and one in two regions. 

The results of two years of research on the resistance of potato hybrids to Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. are presented. The hybrids of the competitive potato variety testing were assessed for the resistance of sprouts and tubers. The  isolated hybrids are recommended for the breeding process and their transfer. 

The influence of lighting of different spectral composition on the state of the pigment fund of plastids in the assimilating organs of the leaf lettuce variety Aficion was studied. The inhibitory effect of LEDs on the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids in plant leaf tissue has been established. A more pronounced degradation of green light-harvesting pigments was revealed than of yellow ones. Lighting  options with the least negative impact on the formation of the pigment fund of lettuce leaf plastids have been  determined. These are lamps with a photon flux in the wavelength range 400–800 nm of 66.5 and 69.1 mcM/s and a spectral ratio R/B (red/blue) of 5.6 and 4.0,  respectively. 

The results of studies assessing the effectiveness of the biological fungicide Orgamiсa S against powdery mildew when growing cucumbers in protected ground are presented. The high biological effectiveness of the use of this preparation has been established (59.3–69.0 % in the 1st rotation and 62.8–63.4 % in the 2nd). The use of Orgamiсa S fungicide contributed to an increase in cucumber yield from 25.4 to 31.8 %. 

The results of studies of the influence of agricultural cultivation techniques (planting width of 75 and 90 cm), conditions (use of aeration systems of the 3rd–4th and 5^th technological modes) and storage methods (in bulks and containers) on yield and biometric indicators (plant height and number of plants) are presented.
The minimum yield was recorded in the variant with a planting width of 75 cm when storing tubers and using axial fans, and the maximum was recorded in the varieties Briz and Scarb at TV-90, Ragneda and Vektar at TV-75, the tubers of which were stored under conditions TX-1.
Plant height, number of stems and yield directly depended on the conditions of the year with an influence share of 34.80; 62.36 and 57.56 %, respectively; from varietal characteristics by 20.51 % (plant height), 14.14 (number of stems) and 7.99 % (yield).

The results of studies of the influence of planting width (75 and 90 cm), conditions (the use of aeration systems of the 3rd–4th and 5th technological modes) and storage methods (in bulks and containers) of potato tubers on the indicators of economic efficiency of ware potato production are presented.
The cost of production of ware potatoes has changed for Briz variety – 0.324–0.390 thousand rubles/t; Scarb – 0.331–0.408; Ragneda – 0.323–0.400 and Vektar – 0.335–0.410 thousand rubles/t.
The profitability of potato production by variety was: Briz – 31.75–60.79 %; Scarb – 26.95–58.74 %; Ragneda – 25.66–58.72 % and Vektar 25.09–54.85 %. The maximum profitability was noted in the variant TV-90 + ТХ-1 + СХ-н, and the minimum in the variants TV-75 + ТХ-2 + СХ-н (Scarb) and TV-75 + ТХ-2 + СХ-к (Briz, Ragneda and Vektar).
Increasing the planting width from 75 to 90 cm, regardless of technology and storage method, increased the profitability of potato production from 12.68 % (Vektar) to 15.91 % (Scarb).
The use of radial fans of the 5th technological mode during the storage period, regardless of the cultivation technology and storage method, increased the profitability of the varieties from 7.39 % (Briz) to 12.15 % (Vektar).

The results of studies of the influence of planting width (75 and 90 cm), conditions (the use of aeration systems of the 3rd–4th and 5th technological modes) and storage methods (in bulks and containers) of potato on the yield and indicators of economic efficiency when its cultivation for food purposes are presented.
The yield of varieties varied within: Briz – 48.54–54.06 t/ha; Scarb – 42.96–51.98 t/ha; Ragneda – 46.54–55.21 t/ha and Vektar – 43.94–51.54 t/ha, with average yield for varieties – 51.89 t/ha; 48.64; 50.39 and 47.72 t/ha, respectively.
The cost per unit of production depended on the variety and amounted to: Briz – 0.192–0.242 thousand rubles/t; Scarb – 0.199–0.273 thousand rubles/t; Ragneda – 0.191– 0.252 thousand rubles/t and Vektar – 0.205–0.267 thousand rubles/t, with an average of 0.214; 0.228; 0.220 and 0.232 thousand rubles/t. The lowest self-cost was in the TV-90 + TX-1 + SХ-n variant, and the highest in the TV-75 + TX-2 variant, the storage method did not affect the upper limit.
The profitability of growing potatoes depended on the variety and other factors studied and varied within: Briz – 47.55–85.91 %; Scarb – 30.60–78.96 ; Ragneda – 41.46–86.46 and Vektar – 34.82–75.31 %, and on average by variety amounted to 68.43; 57.94; 63.46 and 56.21 %, respectively.

The results of a study on the duration of the physiological dormant period of new potato varieties of Belarusian selection are presented. The dormant period differed both by variety and within one variety by year and on average over the years of research amounted to: Yuliya – 103.3 days; Palats – 99.3; Pershatsvet – 125.2; Umka – 153.4; Krasavik – 129.0; Karsan – 148.2; Mastak – 123.5; Desyatka – 109.1; Garantiya – 89.7; Vodar – 113.6; Lel – 108.2; Sapfir – 127.7; Rubin – 82.5; Nara – 98.6; Krok – 103.3 and Bayarski – 105.7 days. The dormant period is a varietal feature with a factor  influence of 84.98 %. 

The results of studies on the effectiveness of micro-fertilizers are presented: Kristalon (universal, yellow, brown), FERTIKA lux, Nanosilicon, Batr Max, providing an increase in the yield of micro-tubers in closed ground. It was found that when growing seed material of the first tuberous generation in closed ground conditions, it is recommended to use the following micro-fertilizers to activate tuberization in order to increase the yield of micro-tubers: Kristalon yellow and brown, in doses: the first treatment is 0.4 g/l, the second is 0.2 kg/ha, the third is 0.2 kg/ha; FERTIKA lux – the first, second and third treatments at a dose of 0.4 g/l; Batr Max in doses: the first treatment is 5 ml/ l, the second is 1.2 l /ha, the third is 1.2 l /ha.

The laboratory evaluation of antifungal activity of collection strains of soilbactinomycete g. Streptomyces according by the degree of inhibition of growth and spore formation of the causative agent of Fusarium wilt of tomato in pure culture conditions is given. The sparing effect of all studied actinomycete strains has been established. At the same time, strains 1 and 7 showed the greatest fungistatic effect. They can be recommended for the development of preparations with a complex effect, classified as environmentally friendly plant protection products.

An analysis of changes in the expression of genes encoding enzymes for the metabolism of cinnamic acid and its derivatives was carried out in the leaf cells of potato varieties of Belarusian selection with different levels of resistance to late blight under conditions of 3-day infection with the pathogen. Differences in the expression profiles of the studied genes were revealed depending on the resistance of the studied varieties to late blight and the duration of infection.

The results of studies on the effectiveness of using humic-containing fertilizers and their effect on productivity, quality, and biochemical composition of tomato and cucumber fruits are presented. It was found that the highest yield of tomato fruits (13.8 kg/m²) was obtained by applying Humiland Cu 1.0 l/ha at a  background dose of N₉₀P₉₀K₁₂₀. The maximum yield of cucumber fruits was 14.9 kg/m² when using Humiland Zn 0.8 l/ha at a background dose of N₁₂₀P₉₀K₁₂₀. The increase was 33 and 26 % for  tomatoes and cucumbers, respectively. 

An assessment is made of the varietal assortment of tomato and cucumber based on the main economically valuable traits and it is established that tomato hybrids of foreign selection Tsarin F₁, Baribine F₁ and Toivo F₁ provided high yields of 12.0–13.2 kg/m², with accumulation of dry matter of 6.6–7.3 % in the fruits, the number of sugars of 3.3 %, the mass concentration of vitamin C of 21.86–22.05 mg% and the lowest nitrate content of 29–30 mg/kg wet weight.
Analysis of collection material based on the above characteristics showed that cucumber hybrids of foreign selection Balkan F₁, Alshany F₁ and Kibriya F₁ provided
high yields of 13.6–14.6 kg/m², with an accumulation of dry matter of 4.8–5.3 % in the fruits, the number of sugars of 1.8–1.9 %, and the nitrate content of 30–32  mg/kg.

The dynamics of the consumption of nutrients when growing tomato seedlings are presented, as well as its effect on the yield before planting in the greenhouse, the removal, balance and coefficient of use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by tomato seedlings, as well as the balance of nutrients in the soil and the residual content of the main elements of mineral nutrition in the substrate volume of the 470 cm³ before planting tomato seedlings in a permanent place, depending on the composition of the substrate and doses of fertilizers. The dose of mineral fertilizers and the composition of the substrate have been established, which ensure optimal removal and balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

The results of studies on the effect of doses of mineral fertilizers in combination with humic-containing fertilizers with microelements when growing beans on the yield, biological activity of the soil, removal of nutrients and economic efficiency have been presented. The most effective was the application of doses of fertilizers N₉₀P₆₀K₁₂₀Mg₁₀ + Humiland (3.0 l/ha) + B (150 g/ha) + Mo (15 g/ha) and N₉₀P₆₀K₁₂₀Mg₁₀ + Potassium monophosphate (2.1 kg/ha), which ensured productivity of bean seeds at the level of 3.5–3.7 t/ha, an increase of 1.4–1.6 t/ha or 67–76 %, as well as the highest payback – 5.6 kg of products per 1 kg of applied fertilizers.

The results of studies of the influence of temporary excess moisture (TEM) when growing potato varieties Yuliya, Pershatsvet, Palats, Mastak, Garantiya, Lel, Nara, Rubin on productivity, crop structure and biochemical indicators of tubers on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil are presented.
Depending on the variety and stage of plant development, when flooded during the bud-formation phase, productivity decreased from 2.9 % (–16.3 g/bush) to 76.1 % (–562.4 g/bush) for Rubin and Mastak varieties, respectively, and in the phase of tops necrosis from 8.3 % (–53.9 g/bush) to 63.2 % (–471.8 g/bush) in the Nara and Yuliya varieties, respectively.
The tubers in the control variant accumulated the most dry matter, it amounted from 17.0 to 26.4 % in the varieties Pershatsvet and Nara, respectively. A clear pattern of the influence of TEM on the accumulation of protein in tubers has not been established. The amount of vitamin C directly depended on the variety, the highest in the Lel variety – 23.4 mg%, and the lowest in the Pershatsvet variety – 8.9 mg%. The smallest amount of nitrates was accumulated by the tubers of the Nara variety – 64.0–120.5 mg/kg wet weight, and the highest in the Garantiya variety – 133.7–184.7 mg/kg.

The results of studies on the comprehensive assessment of domestic potato varieties with colored pulp in the soil and climatic conditions of the Grodno region are presented. Their assessment on productivity and biochemical indicators is given.
The Sapfir and Lekar varieties with a yield of 43.5–51.3 t/ha and a total antioxidant capacity of 1109.6–1179.6 µM/100g, very high vitamin C content and, respectively, medium and high protein content are competitive and promising varieties for supporters of healthy and dietary nutrition.

The results of studying the effectiveness of various systems for protecting mid-ripening potato varieties from late blight in industrial plantings are presented. It has been established that the optimal protection system is a system with the beginning of protective measures when signs of late blight appear on the signal site and the determination of the date of subsequent treatments using DSS, which provides a frequency reduction of treatments by 1.6 times and 40 % of protection costs.

The results of a study of phytoplasma diseases in potato plantings in the Pruzhansk, Kamenets, Ivanovo, Ivatsevichi, Luninets and Stolin districts of the Brest region are presented.
As a result of the research, the presence of phytoplasmoids on potatoes in the Brest region was established. 

The results of a study on the influence of saponite-containing basaltic tuffs on the yield and quality of common basil on sod-podzolic loamy and sandy loam soils are presented.
As a result of field studies, it was established that the use of complete mineral fertilizer NPK increased the yield of green mass of common basil by 24–31 %, saponite-containing basaltic tuffs by 7–10 %, and magnesium sulfate by 5 %. The best indicators of agronomic efficiency were provided by the pre-sowing application of saponite-containing basaltic tuffs in a dose of Mg₂₀ against the background of the use of NPK (green mass yield – 2.32–2.45 kg/m², raw protein content – 14.9–15.2 %). Saponite-containing basaltic tuffs are recommended for use as natural magnesium-containing agromeliorants in agrobiocenoses. 

The results of research on the assessment of breeding material of bigroot geranium according to a complex of economically valuable morphological, morphometric and phenological traits, are presented including Tanyusha – a new zoned original variety of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy.
As a result of the research, the methodology for testing the distinctiveness, homogeneity and stability of bigroot geranium has been improved, which allows optimizing the breeding process of this crop and conducting an extended assessment of variety identification during state variety testing.