Using HPLC and spectrophotometry methods, the concentrations of carotenoids and anthocyanins were determined for various combinations of gene alleles responsible for the biosynthesis of these compounds. Maximum carotenoid accumulation (up to 21.19 mg/100 g of fruit) was observed in samples with allele combinations B/hp-2^dg/U and t/b/y/U in their genotypes. High anthocyanin accumulation (up to 2 979.26 mg/100 g of skin) was recorded in genotypes carrying the alleles Y/Ant1/An2-Aft/atv. In most F1 hybrids, the inheritance of the traits «total carotenoid accumulation» and «total anthocyanin accumulation» exhibited incomplete dominance and dominance toward a reduced trait value. Selected samples can be used as material for breeding tomatoes with high biochemical fruit quality.

The results of molecular screening of interspecific potato hybrids for resistance genes against potato cyst nematodes – Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are presented. Interspecific hybrids 33гу15-1, 17a-10-17-6, 1821-2, 72-17-19, and 01818-12, derived from wild potato species, were identified and recommended for breeding nematoderesistant varieties.

The results of studying the distribution of potato early blight pathogens in plantings of the Brest and Gomel regions are presented, based on molecular-genetic screening using species-specific DNA-markers for Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, Alternaria infectoria, and Alternaria brassicae. 

It was found that the survival rate of explants on a medium with Arpetol is 7.5 % higher than with the addition of Laferon. A varietal response to the use of Laferon was observed. Explants of the Rosinka variety proved to be the most tolerant to the addition of the preparation, with a survival rate of 95.0 %. On a medium with Arpetol, 92.5 % of the explants survived regardless of the variety.
The addition of Laferon and Arpetol to the explant medium made it possible to obtain in vitro plants of the Universal and Orbita varieties with optical density values 18.3–67.0 times lower than those of the original lines grown on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without the preparations. The obtained optical density values suggest that these plants are free from potato PVS-virus.

The results of competitive variety testing of bee-pollinated and parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids are presented, focusing on a range of economically valuable traits and properties for film greenhouses and open ground: yield (early, total, and marketable fruit output), susceptibility to downy mildew, and taste evaluation of pickled and salted fruits. The most promising hybrids for cultivation in various conditions include the bee-pollinated hybrids – Korolyok F₁, Rafaella F₁, Felichita F₁, Chechel F₁ – and the parthenocarpic hybrids – Kondor F₁, Maestro F₁, Mister F₁, Cucumber Garland F₁, Elin F₁, Elif F₁. All studied hybrids are listed in the State register of breeding achievements of Transnistria and the Republic of Moldova. 

The results of research on variety samples in potato breeding nurseries are presented. The number of transplanted seedlings was higher with the traditional sowing of seeds in high-moor peat. The factor «hybrid population» influences earliness, while the interaction of the factors «hybrid population ´ soil type» affects the number of tubers, and the factor «soil type» determines productivity. The largest number of early and mid-early forms in breeding nurseries was selected from the crossing types «early ´ early» and «mid-early ´ mid-early». To select high-yielding early-maturing potato hybrids, samples in the first tuber generation nursery should have a productivity of 1.00 to 1.55 kg per plant. When creating early and ultra-early potato varieties, attention should be paid to the rapid growth of the aerial part of the plant up to the 35th day after sprouting. Preference should be given to samples that stop the growth of their foliage mass between the 45th and 55th days after sprouting. 

Over the past 15 years, the Republican Unitary Enterprise «Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit, and Vegetable Growing» has developed 12 early and mid-early ripening potato varieties. The description of the varieties Zorachka, Falvarak, Manifest, Palats, Pershatsvet, Yuliya, and Mastak are provided and included in the State register of agricultural plant varieties, while the varieties Desyatka, Umka, Krasavik, Nesterka, and Feniks are undergoing state trials.

Variety is a key factor in managing crop yield. As a result of targeted breeding through intraspecific hybridization followed by individual selection, a new variety, Belaruski Dukhmyany N. sativa, was developed. It is high-yielding, late-maturing, and characterized by a pronounced camphor aroma of seeds. Additionally, through individual selection, the variety Pyashchota N. damascena was obtained. It is medium-late maturing, with delicate white double flowers, a pronounced apple-strawberry aroma of seeds, and notable for its high productivity, ornamental qualities, and high essential oil content. 

An assessment of new potato varieties of the mid-early ripeness group selected by the RUE «Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing» based on biochemical indicators is given: dry matter content, total protein, vitamin C, reducing sugars, nitrates. The Nesterka potato variety differs from the Manifest control variety in its higher accumulation of dry matter, total protein and vitamin C. The Feniks potato variety is at the level of the Manifest control variety in terms of the accumulation of biochemical substances. 

New potato varieties Venera, Viliya, and Lekar of the medium-maturity group,
developed by the RUE «Scientific and Practical Center of the National  Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing», were studied for their morphological and technological characteristics: surface texture, shape index, number and depth of buds, waste percentage during mechanical peeling and manual trimming, and resistance to flesh darkening. 

The results of studies on the selection of Belarusian isolates of SBK intended for artificial infection of host plants in the production of the PVS preparation are presented. 

The results of analyzing the inheritance pattern of starch content in hybrid potato populations grown in first-generation tuber nurseries and second-year hybrid trials are presented. Hybrid populations with varying degrees of phenotypic expression of the trait were identified. It was found that selecting parental forms with a starch content of 16–20 % is most effective for obtaining high-starch offspring. A total of 280 hybrids with a starch content exceeding 20 %, high productivity, and good tuber morphological characteristics were selected.

The results of studying 25 new sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines in greenhouses in 2024 are presented. Data on various traits of the pepper lines are provided. A cluster analysis of the 25 lines was conducted, identifying donors of valuable traits for further use in hybridization and breeding. Seeds of 10 new F₁ hybrids were obtained.

The results of studying 258 new varieties and lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in greenhouses from 1991 to 2023 are presented. Data on several traits of pepper lines are provided. Donors of valuable traits for further hybridization and breeding, as well as donors of resistance to fusarium wilt, were identified. A new pepper variety, Yezhik, was developed.

As a result of breeding work on monogerminal red beet samples, 15 samples were identified with the highest overall yield increase ranging from 4.3–43.8 %. All selected samples demonstrated high marketability — 86.2–98.8 %. Linear material of red beet with genetic control of the monogerm trait was identified for further breeding. 

The data on the effectiveness of growth regulators Atonik Plus, Albit, and micronutrients AgroNAN Active and Bioverm Techno in original seed production is presented.
The optimal planting density for the mid-late variety Vektar is 57 thousand plants/ha. The maximum yield of seed fractions was achieved with two foliar applications of the growth regulator Albit (45.3 t/ha) and the micronutrient Bioverm Techno (44.4 t/ha) at a planting density of 57 thousand plants/ha.

The study presents the results of research on the genotypic features of production and biometric indicators (biomass, sprout length, leaf length, width, index, and leaf surface area) of microgreens from eight vegetable species of Cabbage family (Brassicaceae Burnett): white cabbage, cauliflower, red cabbage, broccoli, kohlrabi, radish, black radish, and daikon. It was found that daikon and white cabbage held the leading positions in the species range in terms of integral yield levels and growth parameters evaluated by a combination of characteristics, making them promising vegetable cabbage crops for microgreen production.

The results of a comparative study in a production experiment with an 8-variant
scheme are presented. The study examined the effect of the spectral  composition of LED lighting, varying the ratio of red and blue light in the range of 1.3–10.5, on the content of organic acids and carbohydrates in white cabbage microgreens. 

The results of studying 38 Russian-bred potato varieties for economically valuable traits are presented. Sources of productivity, suitability for processing into potato products after five months of storage without reconditioning, as well as resistance to late blight, blackleg, and viral diseases were identified. Samples with medium and high starch content were also highlighted. 

The results of a comparative study in a production experiment under protected ground conditions of the influence of a 600 W «DNAT» sodium luminaire, as well as 112 W and 127 W LEDs of the brands «Arlight» and «Eviyar», respectively, on the content of tannins and the main groups of bioflavonoids – anthocyanin pigments, flavonols, and catechins – in the photosynthetic and generative organs of tomato plants (variety Fanto).

The results of studies evaluating samples of wild potato species maintained both through tuber reproduction and in vitro at the collection of the RUE «Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato, Fruit and Vegetable Growing» are presented. These studies assessed resistance to PVS and PVM and identified sources of resistance to these pathogens. The research identified several resistant forms that can be used in potato breeding for virus resistance.

The results of studying the effectiveness of new forms of complex fertilizers used locally for potatoes are presented: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPP) grade 7-20-30 and organomineral (OMF) grade 10-10-15. The maximum productivity indicators were provided by variants with high doses of complex fertilizers: N₁₀₀P₁₀₀K₁₅₀ in the form of OMF and NPP, without a significant difference between them. There is a trend of better responsiveness of early varieties to complex fertilizer NPP, and later varieties to OMF. The use of NPP complex fertilizer in comparison with standard forms of fertilizers in a similar dose showed some advantage in terms of the effect on potato yield. 

The results of work on seed production of gynoecious and monoecious lines of gherkinpartnerocarpic cucumber for the reproduction of open ground hybrids  Duhmyany F₁ and Kolorit F₁ are presented. 

 As a result of the research, it was established that in protected ground structures, under the optimal planting scheme of 30´10 cm, the early-maturing Pershatsvet variety achieved the maximum yield of healthy tubers (175 pcs/m²) with triple application of the growth regulator Atonik Plus. For the Bayarski variety, under the same planting scheme, maximum productivity was achieved with double application of the growth regulator Albit. 

The results of research on the use of micronutrients for treating the root system of potato plants in vivo before planting in peat under protected ground conditions are presented, focusing on plant survival and yield. 

The results of research on the effect of doses of complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 7-20-30 applied locally on the biometric indicators of plants (stem count and bush height), yield and its structure, as well as the biochemical indicators of tubers (dry matter, starch, total protein, vitamin C, nitrates) are presented. When growing potatoes on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil, the highest yield was observed in the treatment with Fon variant (40 t/ha organic fertilizers) + N₃₅₊₆₅P₁₀₀K₁₅₀, which exceeded the control variant (no fertilizers) by 21.9 t/ha (74.5 %), 15.8 t/ha (64.0 %); 12.3 t/ha (43.6 %) for the varieties Pershatsvet, Skarb, and Rubin, respectively.

The results of studies on the effects of different types and methods of mineral fertilizer application on the biometric indicators (plant height, number of stems), yield, and biochemical characteristics (dry matter, starch, total protein, vitamin C, nitrates) of potato varieties Pershatsvet, Skarb, and Rubin are presented. Fertilizer application by localized and broadcast methods increased the yield by 10.4–20.1 t/ha (Pershatsvet), 9.0–14.4 t/ha (Skarb), and 7.9–12.6 t/ha (Rubin). The localized application of fertilizers increased the yield by 3.1–3.7 t/ha (Pershatsvet), 2.2–5.3 t/ha (Skarb), and 1.7–4.0 t/ha (Rubin) compared to the broadcast method. 

The results of studies on the effect of doses of the complex organomineral fertilizer IPAN with grades 1 : 1 : 1.5 and 1 : 0.8 : 1.5, when applied locally, on the biometric parameters of plants (number of stems and bush height), yield and its structure, as well as the biochemical indicators of tubers (dry matter, starch, total protein, vitamin C, nitrates), are presented. When growing potatoes on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, the maximum yield was observed with Fon variant (40 t/ha of organic fertilizers) + N₁₀₀P₁₀₀K₁₅₀, which exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) by 22.6 t/ha (68.3 %), 20.2 t/ha (72.7 %), and 15.0 t/ha (48.7 %) for the varieties Pershatsvet, Skarb, and Rubin, respectively. 

The study investigated the effect of green manure crops (oats, oilseed radish, peas) combined with the application of thermally and ammonia-treated compost to the preceding crop on the yield of green beans grown in the Central natural and climatic region of Belarus on light loam soils. It was found that using oats and oilseed radish as green manure, along with the application of 6 t/ha of compost to the preceding crop, increased the yield by 2.0 and 1.9 t/ha, respectively. The use of peas as green manure was deemed impractical. The developed technological methods not only increase the yield of green beans but also enhance the organic matter content in the soil by 0.8–1.3 %. 

Protection of onion crops from a complex of diseases is a key issue in achieving consistently high yields in Belarus. As a result of the research, the high effectiveness of the fungicide Miravis, SC against semi-saprophytic fungi Stemphylium allii, Stemphylium botryosum, Stemphylium vesicarium, and Alternaria porri was established.
The use of the preparation resulted in a significant increase in onion yield under both one-year and two-year cultivation systems, as well as in seed production.

The results of the use of organomineral fertilizers in spring garlic crops in Belarus are presented.
It has been established that the use of this type of fertilizers in a dose of N₁₁₂P₇₂K₁₁₂ has a positive effect on both the growth and development of plants of the crop and their productivity. Depending on the variety used, the yield of bulbs increased by 36.8–38.2 %, with the marketability of products at 85.0–91.0 %, which is significantly higher than when growing without the use of fertilizers and applying simple mineral fertilizers.
The use of this type of fertilizer is economically justified and allows for obtaining significant additional profit. 

The results of assessing the regenerative potential of isolated cotyledon segments of Solanum chilense under in vitro conditions with different LED lighting are presented. It was found that shoot formation from somatic cells of the initial explant is induced not only by growth regulators in artificial nutrient media but also by the spectral composition of light. Lighting options with photon fluxes in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm of 70.1; 73.3; 67.9 µmol/s and spectral R / B (red / blue) ratios of 1.3; 3.1; and 19.7, respectively, stimulated shoot regeneration processes in Solanum chilense cotyledon segments. This work was financially supported by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research under Agreement № Б₂4-0₅6.

The results of constructing models to evaluate the preservation of daikon root crop samples based on their biochemical indicators using regression analysis are presented. When developing the models, it is essential to account for the genotypic differences among the studied samples and their tendencies for the accumulation of beneficial substances. The most accurate models were achieved for the samples Gastinets, Vsesezonniy, 15/02 with approximation coefficients (R²) of 0.987; 0.973; 0.863 (polynomial trend line, degree 2). The sample Mantangong exhibited the least predictable model among the  studied samples, with an approximation coefficient (R²) of 0.553. 

Three-year-old plants of Pskem onion, grown from seeds till flowering and seed development, were obtained. Seeds introduced from Kazakhstan, obtained from the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The growth and development of the plant up to the generative phase without significant damage by pathogens is shown, and the presence of traits of a wild plant is established – the pattern of seed germination extended over several years and the emergence of leaves from bulbs in autumn.

The results of research on the effect of a mineral oil-based preparation on the accumulation of viral infections during seed potato reproduction are presented. The findings on the influence of timing and chemical methods of haulm removal on the accumulation of viral infections during field reproduction of seed potatoes are presented as well.

The influence of standard complex granular and organo-mineral fertilizers on the yield, marketability, starch accumulation dynamics, dry matter, and vitamin C content in the potato varieties Lileya, Nara, and Vektar was studied. It was determined that the best fertilizers for potatoes are the complex granular fertilizer applied alongside 40 t/ha of organic fertilizers, and the complex granular organo-mineral fertilizer.

The results of research on the effectiveness of soils with sapropels are presented: the maximum yield of tubers was obtained when 30 % of sapropels were introduced from the Zhitkovichi and Cherven deposits. The yield of seed tubers by varieties was: Pershatsvet – 17.0–19.0 t/ha, Skarb – 14.7–15.7 and Rubin – 12.1–12.8 t/ha, and the number of tubers per potato plant: Pershatsvet – 5.56–5.17 pcs, Skarb – 2.30–2.32 and Rubin – 1.78–1.94 pcs. The average weight of one tuber was: Pershatsvet – 12.68–16.28 g, Skarb – 27.17–28.52 g, Rubin – 25.54–28.60 g.

On gray forest soil in the conditions of the Pogarskiy district of the Bryansk region, potato yield increased with the application of mineral fertilizers at doses of N₉₀P₆₀K₁₅₀ and N₁₂₀P₉₀K₂₀₀ and compared to the control, yields by variety as follows: Arhideya – 45.9 t/ha (an increase of 12.0 t/ha) and 46.8 t/ha (12.9 t/ha), Vodar – 46.5 (17.4) and 48.6 (19.5), Nara – 51.3 (10.8) and 58.8 (18.3), Mag – 45.6 (12.3) and 54.0 (20.7), Vektar – 49.5 (15.9) and 51.0 (17.4), Zhuravinka – 43.8 t/ha (6.9 t/ha) and 48.3 t/ha (11.4 t/ha), respectively. Dry matter yield for the  N₉₀P₆₀K₁₅₀ fertilizer variant in Mag and Nara varieties reached 10.9 t/ha, and starch yield was 7.8 and 7.5 t/ha, respectively. Increasing the fertilizer dose to N₁₂₀P₉₀K₂₀₀ raised dry matter yield in Mag and Nara varieties to 12.9 and 12.4 t/ha and starch yield to 9.1 and 8.5 t/ha, respectively. 

The results of using an unmanned aerial vehicle with various drone settings to combat annual and perennial grass weeds in potato fields are presented. It was established that using aerial vehicle for weed control in potato cultivation preserves 9.9–31.8 % of the yield.
The biological efficacy of the herbicide Miura, EC (within registered application
rates), applied via aerial vehicle, varied depending on the drone’s settings: 87.3–97.9 % against barnyardgrass and 87.9–98.9 % against couch grass. 

The results of the research on phytoplasma diseases in potato plantings across the Gomel, Zhlobin, Dobrush, Mozyr, Rechitsa, and Zhitkovichi districts of the Gomel region are presented.
As a result of the research, the prevalence of phytoplasmas in potatoes in the Gomel region was determined.

In Belarus, there is a significant increase in demand for microgreens, directly linked to the growing potential of its production. This creates favorable conditions for the development of this agricultural sector. The state program «Agrarian Business» for 2021–2025 and the designation of 2024 as the Year of Quality emphasize the importance of improving agricultural product quality, with microgreens considered a promising avenue to achieve this goal. The development of this sector aligns with global trends, where microgreens are recognized as a priority area in the economy. 

Currently, there is high consumer demand for functional plant-based products in Belarus, including microgreens. The state program «Agrarian Business» for 2021–2025 and the designation of 2024 as the Year of Quality have facilitated the development of innovative agricultural technologies, including the production of microgreens from various vegetable crops. Research has demonstrated the economic efficiency of growing garden pea microgreens, confirmed by the following indicators: revenue – 1 036 800 BYN, production cost – 214 548 BYN, gross profit – 822 252 BYN, net profit – 609 372 BYN, profitability – 58.7 %, and economic efficiency coefficient – 11.3.

An analysis of the state of vegetable production in the Republic of Belarus by categories of farms and types of crops for the period 2019–2023 is presented.